What does the term 'fat over lean' refer to in oil painting?

The term 'fat over lean' in oil painting refers to the principle of applying thicker, more oil-rich paint layers over thinner, less oily layers. This technique is essential for ensuring proper adhesion and preventing issues such as cracking as the painting dries. The 'fat' refers to paint that contains more oil, while 'lean' describes paint with less oil content.

In the context of oil painting, starting with lean layers, which typically consist of more solvent (like turpentine or linseed oil), helps create a stable foundation. When artists apply fatter layers on top, they introduce more flexibility and richness, enabling the paint to dry properly and maintain its integrity over time. This method is critical for the longevity and durability of the artwork.

The incorrect options touch on different aspects of painting but do not align with the 'fat over lean' principle. For instance, using brighter colors in upper layers does not specifically address the oil content and its implications for layering. Applying a varnish over paint is a separate process that applies after the painting is complete to protect it, not related to layering techniques during the painting process. Lastly, creating layers of equal thickness does not follow the established guidelines of using fat over lean, which emphasizes differing oil contents rather