What effect does a small aperture have in photography?

A small aperture allows less light to enter the camera, which in turn enhances depth of field. This means that more of the scene both in the foreground and background is brought into focus, making it easier to capture greater detail throughout the image. This characteristic is especially useful in landscape photography, where having a detailed, sharp background can contribute significantly to the overall composition.

In contrast to that, the other options describe effects associated with larger apertures or techniques not typically aligned with the characteristics produced by a small aperture. By understanding how aperture settings affect exposure and focus, photographers can make informed decisions to achieve their desired artistic outcomes.