What significant contribution did Arthur Danto make to art theory?

Arthur Danto's significant contribution to art theory centers on the concept of the "art world," which he articulated in his influential writings. Danto posited that art should not just be defined by its physical properties but rather by the context and conditions under which it is appreciated and critiqued. This idea emphasizes how social, cultural, and historical factors shape what is considered art in different contexts.

Through this framework, Danto opened up new avenues for understanding art beyond traditional boundaries. He argued that the "art world" encompasses not just the artists and their works but also the institutions, critics, and public that engage with art. This perspective highlights the importance of discourse and interpretation in the evaluation of art, rather than solely focusing on the aesthetic or technical qualities of the artworks themselves.

In contrast to the other choices, Danto did not introduce a new form of abstract expressionism, nor did he focus specifically on realism techniques or a revival of classical forms. His work fundamentally reshaped the dialogue surrounding contemporary art and its meaning, making the concept of the "art world" a cornerstone of modern art theory.