Which artist from the 1700s sought to address moral subjects through satire?

William Hogarth is recognized for his pioneering use of satire to address moral themes in his artwork during the 1700s. His works often depicted society's vices and moral shortcomings through a combination of humor and critical observation, functioning almost like visual narratives that told stories about the human condition.

Hogarth's series of paintings and engravings, such as "A Harlot's Progress" and "The Rake's Progress," serve as social commentaries, illustrating the consequences of immoral behaviors and the pitfalls of various social strata. His ability to combine art with a moral message was groundbreaking for the time, influencing the way artists could engage with societal issues.

In contrast, Jacques-Louis David, Caravaggio, and Raphael, while significant figures in the art world, focused on different styles and themes. David, for example, is known for his neoclassical works that often found inspiration in historical events, while Caravaggio's work was rooted in realism and dramatic use of light, and Raphael was celebrated for his harmony and beauty in the portrayal of religious and mythological subjects rather than moral critiques. Therefore, Hogarth's distinct approach to using satire to highlight moral subjects firmly establishes him as the correct answer in this context.