Which concept primarily rejected traditional museum spaces and used natural landscapes for artistic creation?

The concept that primarily rejected traditional museum spaces and used natural landscapes for artistic creation is Land Art. This movement emerged in the 1960s and 1970s as a response to the limitations of conventional art venues like galleries and museums. Artists involved in Land Art sought to create works that integrated with the environment, often using materials found in the natural surroundings, such as earth, rocks, and plants.

By placing their art in outdoor settings—the landscape itself becoming the medium—they challenged the notions of what art could be and where it could exist. Prominent examples of Land Art include works by artists like Robert Smithson, who created the famous Spiral Jetty in Utah, and Andy Goldsworthy, who uses natural materials to form ephemeral sculptures that blend with the landscape.

This approach not only redefined the relationship between art and nature but also encouraged viewers to engage with and appreciate the natural world differently, highlighting both the beauty and the fragility of the environment. The other options, while significant in their own right, do not specifically focus on utilizing the landscape as a primary medium or reject traditional art spaces to the same extent as Land Art does.