Who is known for their critical writings on art and architecture in the 19th century?

John Ruskin is renowned for his critical writings on art and architecture in the 19th century, particularly through his detailed analyses and opinions that significantly influenced the art world during that time. His works, such as "Modern Painters" and "The Seven Lamps of Architecture," explored the role of art in society, the nature of beauty, and the importance of craftsmanship. Ruskin emphasized the moral and social responsibilities of artists and architects, advocating for Gothic architecture as a reflection of a more honest and artistic society. His critical approach combined both aesthetic and ethical considerations, making his writings foundational for discussions on art criticism and architectural theory in the 19th century.

While William Morris is recognized for his contributions to the Arts and Crafts Movement, which focused on design and craftsmanship, he was less focused on critical writings than Ruskin. Arthur Danto and Leon Battista Alberti belong to different time periods and contexts, with Danto being a contemporary philosopher and art critic and Alberti being a Renaissance figure known for his treatises on painting and architecture but not primarily for his critical writings in the 19th century. Thus, Ruskin's significant emphasis on critical analysis and his impact on art theory firmly positions him as a key figure in this context.