Who were referred to as "wild beasts" in the early 20th century art movement?

The term "wild beasts" was used to describe the Fauvism movement, which emerged in the early 20th century. This name reflects the bold, vibrant colors and dynamic brushstrokes that characterized the work of Fauvist artists. They prioritized emotional expression over realistic representation, often using non-naturalistic colors to convey meaning and evoke feelings.

Fauvism was marked by a break from traditional techniques and an emphasis on painterly qualities. Artists like Henri Matisse and André Derain, who were central figures in this movement, embraced a sense of freedom and spontaneity, which was seen as wild compared to the more restrained approaches of their predecessors. Their works were often shocking and visceral, eliciting reactions that aligned with the idea of ferocity and untamed creativity—hence the name "wild beasts."

The other movements, while significant in their own right, did not adopt this particular nickname or employ the same kind of bold color and expressive style that defined the Fauves. Impressionists, Cubists, and Surrealists had their distinct characteristics and influences that set them apart from the Fauvist approach.